我的专业领路人

正我学习植物分类学是很偶然的,就像夏日午后突如其来的暴雨一样。然而,偶然的人生必然会遇到一些特殊的人和事,时时浮现在脑海和心田,成为永久的回忆。1996年大学毕业前,因为厌倦了学习4年的园艺学专业,遂报考了经济管理学的研究生,后来由于非经济学科班出身,被调剂到新疆农业大学林学院,师从杨昌友教授攻读植物分类学方向的硕士研究生,虽心有不甘,但也无可奈何。1996年9月,我开始系统地学习植物分类学和植物区     

朵丽蝶兰 MADS-box 基因 DtpsMADS1 的克隆与表达特性简

植物MADS-box基因家族编码高度保守的转录因子,参与了包括花器官发育和开花在内的多种发育进程。为阐释兰科植物成花的分子调控机制,根据MADS-box基因保守序列设计简并引物,用RACE方法从朵丽蝶兰花葶中克隆到1个MADS-box家族基因,该基因cDNA全长960 bp,包含37 bp 5′UTR,一个738 bp的开放阅读框(ORF)和185 bp 3′UTR,共编码245个氨基酸。序列和系统进化树分析表明,该基因与其他植物的MADS-box基因具有很高的同源性,属于AP1/FUL-like亚家族,命名为DtpsMADS1,GeneBank登录号为JQ065097。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示：DtpsMADS1具有明显的组织表达特异性;在根和叶中,DtpsMADS1在花前期和花后期表达量较高;苗期和盛花期表达量较低;DtpsMADS1在花葶中的表达趋势与根和叶相似;而在花器官中,DtpsMADS1只有痕量表达。由此推断,DtpsMADS1可能参与开花进程调控,而不参与花器官的形态建成。     

斑痣盘菌科一新种——坛状散斑壳(英文)

报道了一个采自天目杜鹃Rhododendron fortunei落叶上的斑痣盘菌科一新种——坛状散斑壳Lophodermium urniforme。它区别于近似种的主要特征为成熟子囊果呈坛状、具发达且外翻的唇、分生孢子器为不规则下皮下生。研中提供了该种的描述、子实体的外表与内部结构的照片及形态图和讨研。模式标本保藏于安徽农业大学森林菌物标本室(AAUF)。     

Variations of thioredoxin system contributes to increased susceptibility to apoptosis in cardiomyocytes of type 2 diabetic rats

Cardiac complications are the leading cause of death in diabetes. However, the mechanism of diabetes in inducing myocardial injury and apoptosis, and whether the thioredoxin （Trx） system is involved remain unclear. In this study, male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups： the control and the diabetes groups, and then were randomly divided into five different timepoints （the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 12th, and 24th week）. The results showed that diabetes-induced cardiac injury was enhanced in the type 2 diabetes rats, as evidenced by aggravated cardiac dysfunction, biochemical indicators, and increased myocardial apoptosis （TUNEL and caspase-3 activity）. The activity of myocardial Trx and Trx reductase （TR） in diabetic rats was significantly decreased from the second week and continually aggravated with the disease progression. In diabetic rats, the mRNA expression of Trxl, Trx2, TR1, and TR2 was decreased first and then increased after the fourth week. Meanwhile, the protein expression of these Trx system members was significantly increased at the 12th week. Trx nitration was cleared, the Trx/ASK1 interaction was significantly decreased, and the activity of p38 was significantly enhanced in cardiac tissues at the 12th week. These results demonstrated that diabetes may cause myocardial injury and apoptosis, and the extent of which was accompanied with the development of the disease. The mechanism is associated with the development of diabetes and the decreased activity of Trx and TR. The reasons for decreased Trx activity may include： decrease of Trx and TR protein expression; nitration modification of Trx; and up-regulation of TXNIP expression.     

An active supercomplex of NADPH dehydrogenase mediated cyclic electron flow around Photosystem I from the panicle chloroplast of Oryza sativa

Chloroplast NAD（P）H dehydrogenase-like complex （NDH） plays a crucial role in the protection of plants against oxida- tive stress. In higher plants, NDH interacts with Photosystem I （PSI） to form an NDH-PSI supercomplex. However, the chloroplast supercomplex with NADPH oxidation activity remains to be identified. Here, we reported the identification of a supercomplex of NDH with NADPH-nitroblue tetrazo- fium oxidoreductase activity in the chloroplast of rice panicle. The active supercomplex from the panicle chloro- plast contained higher amounts of the NDH subunits （NdhH, NdhK, and NdhA） than that from the flag leaf chloroplast. The highly active supercomplex might underlie the high ac- tivity of the NADPH-dependent NDH pathway and the larger proton gradient across thylakoid membranes via cyclic electron flow around PSI, as well as the higher maximal photochemical efficiency of Photosystem II at the flowering to grain-filfing stage. The supercomplex is sug- gested to be essential for the high efficiency of photosynthesis and play a protective role in the grain formation in rice plant.     

高屋建瓴:王文采先生

正我是文采师招收的第一个科班研究生,毕业后留在先生身边工作,一直追随先生到如今,深知文采师的魅力、风采和博大精深都蕴藏在他平和、平淡和平静的研究和生活中。当年刚进植物所读研究生,文采师知道我对植物分类系统最感兴趣,就告诉我研究分类系统也要从一种、一属、一科做起,逐步熟悉掌握全世界植物,才能在这个领域有所建树。文采师给我的研究生论文题目是毛茛科一个     

克隆生长对入侵植物剑叶金鸡菊交配系统的影响

剑叶金鸡菊本地蜂平均每朵花序每30 min访花昆虫数约10个左右,平均飞行距离为12.71 cm,最长飞行距离为60 cm,每朵花停留时间较长约10 s,每个传粉昆虫平均访问剑叶金鸡菊基株数为2.59株。充足的花粉资源、访花昆虫数量多及每个飞行回合较高访问基株数,以及剑叶金鸡菊生育期后期出现的游击型克隆生长特性使得有利于居群相同基因型克隆分株的驱散,这样的一些特性降低了同株授粉的几率,保障了花粉资源,从而避免了克隆性对异交交配系统的不利影响,保证了高异交率。这样克隆生长没有影响到有性生殖,相反剑叶金鸡菊可以发挥两种繁殖策略的优势,从而促进入侵。     

应用SELEX技术筛选人类血型IgG适体的实验研究

目的:建立Rh(D)血型的IgG类抗体适体的筛选方法,为后续合成适体并进行新生儿溶血病的防治研究奠定基础。方法:利用SELEX技术,构建含有52个随机序列的单链DNA文库,利用硝酸纤维素膜法筛选与IgG类抗体分子高亲和力结合的核酸分子,同时探索并优化将其扩增为双链DNA核酸库的PCR反应条件;通过膜结合实验检测核酸分子的富集效果并用凝胶阻滞实验初步测定所得核酸适体与Rh(D)血型IgG类抗体的亲和力。结果:随着筛选的进行,核酸分子的富集库向着与靶分子亲和性增强的方向进化,经过了11个循环,筛选出与Rh(D)血型IgG抗体结合力较强的核酸分子,与核酸结合的IgG分子在凝胶阻滞实验中显示出阻滞带。结论:初步建立了利用SELEX技术筛选人类Rh(D)血型IgG抗体适体的方法。     

一株降解O,O-二甲基-O-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)磷酸酯的土壤微生物的分离与鉴定(英文)

目的:有机磷农药和杀虫剂广泛应用于众多国内和国外生产的,其数量已超过100种。大量使用的有机磷农药会增加农业生产,而且还造成了不可估量的环境污染。研究降解敌敌畏的微生物,为微生物以降低产品敌敌畏农药残留,恢复敌敌畏污染土壤中的研究奠定基础。方法:本文从种植蔬菜的温室大棚的土壤中分离了一株降解O,O-二甲基-O-(2,2-二氯乙烯基)磷酸酯(敌敌畏)的细菌,根据该菌的形态学、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列比对。结果:该菌鉴定为荧光假单胞菌(菌株P)。该菌的最适生长温度为27℃,其培养基的最适初始pH为7.0,4天内该菌可将培养液中61.24%的降解。结论:本实验从蔬菜大棚的土样中筛选出一株能降解敌敌畏的菌株,并鉴定为荧光假单胞菌。本研究将为基于微生物以降低产品敌敌畏农药残留,恢复敌敌畏污染土壤中的研究打下基础。     

基于网络的肾癌随访系统的建立与应用

目的:肾癌是泌尿系常见肿瘤,需长期随访,传统统计及随访方式已逐渐不能适应现代临床及科研需求,我们尝试建立基于网络的肾癌随访系统,满足临床实际工作和科研需求。方法:以Microsoft Office Access 2007软件构建数据库管理系统,分为资料录入模块、检索分析模块、网络随访模块,选取我院2008.5至2012.12收治的132例肾癌患者,将资料录入已建成的数据库,利用网络随访辅助传统随访方式进行随访。结果:构建的肾癌随访数据库,能够实现授权账户登录,检索、分析、肿瘤自动评级等功能,可根据不同检索条件筛选出适合病历,在传统随访方式的基础上联合应用网络随访方式可提高随访效率及随访率,并能获得更详实的随访资料。结论:基于网络的肾癌随访系统操作简便,能够实现无纸化管理,数据详实,检索便捷,为科学制定治疗方案提供帮助,可一定程度上提高随访率及随访效率,降低失访率和患者就医成本。